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7. ЭТИКА И СОЛИДАРНОСТЬ

Опубликовано ср, 04/07/2001 - 00:00 пользователем admin

Разбирая понятие солидарности, необходимо указать на наличие в нем этического элемента и на глубокую связь этики с солидарностью.

Объединительный процесс, происходящий между людьми, требует, прежде всего, определенных условий общения. Такими условиями являются: — прекращение вражды, обоюдное уважение прав, известная способность к самоограничению во имя интересов другого. При солидаризации, осуществляемой по мере развития творчески-трудового процесса, требуется еще больше: — помощь одного другому, уверенность в том, что эта помощь будет во время и хорошо оказана, уверенность в том, что задача соседа будет выполнена также хорошо, как и моя собственная. Требуется, иными словами, принятие на себя определенных обязательств и честность при их выполнении, так как без определенного доверия, немыслимо никакое сотрудничество, никакая солидарность. Самый процесс взаимодействия, сотрудничества предполагает уверенность в ответном действии, чего бы это ни касалось.

Для осуществления солидарности требуется, таким образом, признание не только обязанностей, но прав и интересов другого, т. е. — ряд условий этического порядка, ряд этических норм. Чем шире общение и солидарность, тем шире, следовательно, должно быть понятие этики, морали, тем более должна быть развита духовная сторона жизни человека.

Далее, никакая солидарность не может существовать без понятия справедливости. Нарушение ее ведет к вражде, несогласию, борьбе, — нарушению солидарности.

Никакое солидарное объединение немыслимо без, хотя бы неосознанного, ощущения несправедливости этого объединения и принципов его устройства. Рабочая артель тогда представляет собой солидарное объединение и дает полный эффект своей работе, когда каждый из ее членов признает справедливость распределения функций и благ. Трудно себе представить солидарность между, скажем, эксплуататором и эксплуатируемым, так как здесь отсутствует элемент справедливости.

Солидарность немыслима без этики. Понятие солидарности базируется на этических нормах.

На сказанное можно бы возразить, что сейчас нет ни одного, самого солидарного объединения, где бы осуществлялась полностью справедливость, где бы не было той или иной степени ее нарушений, особенно если мы возьмем крупные общественные единства. Это верно. Но ни одно из существующих объединений и не является ведь полностью солидарным, так как солидарными мы в настоящее время называем те группы, где солидаристические тенденции только преобладают над тенденциями антагонистическими. Следовательно, касаясь справедливости или иных этических норм, можно говорить лишь об их преобладании над противоположными элементами.

При достижении большей степени справедливости, почти автоматически достигается и большая солидарность. Человеку, работающему над собой, во имя справедливого духовного идеала, прежде всего, необходимо поставить свои взаимоотношения с другими лицами в зависимость от этических норм, а это требует самоограничения, честности, доверия, любви и т. д., то есть всего того, что необходимо для развития солидарности. Именно поэтому достигают такой крепости солидарные объединения, построенные на служении высшим ценностям, а не чисто утилитарным целям. Мы приводили уже примеры религиозных общин, из которых возникали кассы взаимопомощи, или рабочие артели. Но и современность дает много подобных примеров: — группа фанатиков-революционеров, отдающая все для служения идеалу, объединяется в крепко слитое целое, члены которого становятся родными на всю жизнь; творчески-созидательная группа, которая занята каким-то большим общим делом и т. д. во всех подобных случаях служения высшим интересам и целям мелкие личные интересы, амбиции, самолюбия и прочее, отступают на задний план.

Беря, в свете высказанных соображений, значение солидарности, как принципа, можно сказать, что для ее осуществления необходимо также широкое применение этических норм. И чем выше эти этические моменты, тем сильнее солидарность, тем легче ее осуществление. Эта взаимозависимость между этикой и солидарностью есть одно из основных положений правильного подхода к вопросу.

К сказанному надо, однако, добавить, что одно дело — теоретические рассуждения об этике, другое — практическое осуществление законов этики в жизни. Человек, очень хорошо говорящий о любви и солидарности, далеко не обязательно будет любить других и, особенно, жертвовать для них своими интересами. Оттого так часто, именно там, где так много говорят о любви и взаимопомощи, часто встречается ханжество и лицемерие, но нет ни самоотречения, ни любви, путь для действительного осуществления принципов солидарности и любви — в творчестве и воспитании. Мы указали, — какое значение имеют для воспитания философские положения и нормы. В этом — оправдание приведенных выше рассуждений и доказательство их необходимости. Понимание основ этики есть только необходимое предисловие к жизни и работе, претворение же их в действительность — личное дело каждого человека в отдельности. естественно, что и общество не может оставаться в стороне и обязано всемерно содействовать росту этического сознания личности.

Резюмируя, можно сказать, что вопрос взаимоотношений человека с человеком и одной общественной группы с другой является основным для развития солидарного творчества, и он может быть правильно разрешен только в свете этики. Поэтому, развитие этического сознания человека играет значительную и необходимую роль в процессе общественного развития человечества.

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Inside 1999, GMDSS (International Maritime Distress and also Safety System) products, such as DSC VHF, Navtex and also EPIRBs, was made compulsory for many merchant vessels from the International Maritime Firm (IMO). Given that 1999, GMDSS technology is now ever more popular inside the leisure marine industry. EPIRBs (Unexpected emergency Position Indicating Radio stations Beacons), SARTs (Lookup And Rescue Transponders) and also PLBs (Private Locator Beacons), all use GM DSS technology to ensure that when we absolutely need help, we can be certain it's coming.

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People consider their homes in numerous ways. The old proverb - a guy's home is his / her castle - may be true for many people. Your home is also apt to be your biggest investment and thus it is worth continued upgrade to boost the home improvement value of one's investment.

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