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Назад, в тридцатые!
Опубликовано пт, 28/09/2012 - 09:35 пользователем Валентин Мурзаев
Если озвучить этот лозунг перед российской аудиторией, то она наверняка про меня решит: да он же нас зовет прямо к сталинской индустриализации! А если перед европейской — то сразу же возникнет ассоциация с каким-нибудь «фашистским режимом» или со всеми оными, вместе взятыми. Для американцев же «тридцатые» — это, конечно же, Великая депрессия и «Новый курс» Франклина Делано Рузвельта.
Хотя я и россиянин, речь здесь поведу не о сталинизме. Потому что та Россия, которую я считаю своей, при Сталине была загнана в самое глубокое в своей истории подполье. Как раз в те самые 30-е годы XX века. И, само собой, к этому я могу призывать только при полном раздвоении личности.
Но в 30-е была еще одна Россия, и я ее тоже не могу не считать своей. Хотя она была… так скажем… не совсем Россия. Точнее, Россия вне России. Еще точнее — Россия в эмиграции.
В 1920-е годы основная масса наших соотечественников, волею судьбы ставших Белой эмиграцией, с недоумением наблюдала за двумя вещами.
Во-первых, бывшие лидеры политических партий, вместо того чтобы создавать за границей единую систему борьбы за будущее России, занялись борьбой друг с другом. К прежним партийным склокам добавились взаимные упреки типа: «Вы больше всех виноваты в русской революции, в гражданской войне и в русской катастрофе в целом». А некоторые и вовсе стали утверждать: мол, катастрофа не такая уж страшная, большевики перерождаются прямо на глазах, и с ними надо не бороться, а помогать и т.д. и т.п.
Во-вторых, в те же 20-е чекисты смогли взять под свой контроль почти все значимые эмигрантские политические группы. Нашумевшая «операция „Трест”» — самый яркий пример их провокации. И политические лидеры дореволюционной России так и не смогли этому ничего противопоставить.
И вот на рубеже 20-х и 30-х годов в эмиграции начало самостоятельно проявляться молодое поколение. Те юноши, которые попали в белые армии чуть ли не прямо с гимназической скамьи и взяли на себя основную тяжесть гражданской войны «с той стороны». Те, кто выживали в этом огненном аду, иногда получали за свои заслуги младшие офицерские звания и Георгиевские кресты. А чаще не получали ни того, ни другого — ведь не ради этого они воевали!
Оказавшись за рубежом, эти раньше времени возмужавшие юноши жадно взялись за учебу. Как вспоминают некоторые, в каждом выпуске любого из европейских университетов в 1920-е обязательно встречался хотя бы один отличник с фамилией, оканчивающейся на -off.
И вот эти молодые люди начали создавать свое собственное, новое понимание России. Так сказать, строить Россию «с чистого листа». Благо, возрастных предрассудков и привычек к поклонению тем или иным авторитетам у них не было. Зато были огромная любовь к далекой Родине и столь же огромное желание приложить к ее возрождению максимум молодых сил.
Объединившаяся молодежь Белой эмиграции создала несколько довольно крупных организаций: «Союз младороссов», «Национальный союз русской молодежи», «Всероссийская фашистская партия», «Российский имперский союз». По разным причинам Вторую мировую войну пережила только одна из перечисленных — НСРМ, вскоре ставший НТС. Да, еще «Имперский союз» в виде узкоэлитарной группы дожил чуть ли не до нынешних дней.
Уже из названия видно, что все перечисленные движения страдали, так сказать, «право-националистическим уклоном». В учебных конспектах НТС конца 30-х есть даже такие слова: «Двадцатый век без сомнения — век торжества национализма». И это явно было главным политическим трендом того десятилетия. С нынешним десятилетием, надеюсь, здесь мало общего (хотя некоторый подъем «национальных» движений тоже налицо).
Параллель в другом. В том, что у нас, нестарых (скажем так) россиян, есть авторитеты, но нет таких личностей, которым можно следовать «от и до». В воздухе звучит масса идей, но среди них нет таких, про которые можно было однозначно сказать: «Да, это то, что нас объединит!» И, как любят говорить и противники, и сторонники сегодняшнего протестного движения, всем нам понятно, против чего следует бороться, но мы весьма смутно представляем, за что именно боремся. Негатив почти без позитива.
И в то же время у нас уже есть некоторый жизненный опыт, и этот опыт нам подсказывает, что полагаться надо только на себя, а не на тех, кто претендует на «духовное водительство». Есть ценности, но нет стройной системы ценностей.
Так что впереди — оценка нашего опыта. Опыта наших личностей, опыта нашей страны, опыта человечества. На основании этого — выработка совершенно новой программы действий. Которая вряд ли впишется в какую-нибудь традиционную идеологическую систему.
Но самое печальное (хотя в то же время это и самое интересное) — то, что действовать на основании этой невыработанной программы надо уже сейчас. И это тоже роднит нынешнее время с теми самыми «тридцатыми».
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